Standard Definition and Examples in Science

The word standard has several different definitions. Even within science, there are multiple meanings. In metrology and other sciences, such as chemistry and physics, a standard is a reference that is used to calibrate measurements. Historically, each authority defined its own standards for systems of weights and measures. This resulted in confusion. Although some of the older systems are still in use, modern standards are internationally recognized and defined under controlled conditions. Examples of Standards In chemistry, for example, a primary standard may be used as a reagent to compare purity and quantity in a titration or other analytical technique. In metrology, a standard is an object or experiment that defines the unit of a physical quantity. Examples of standards include the international prototype kilogram (IPK), which is the mass standard for the International System of Units (SI), and the volt, which is the unit of electrical potential and is defined based on the output of a Josephson junction. Standard Hierarchy There are different levels of standards for physical measurements. The master standards or primary standards are those of the highest quality, which define their unit of measure. The next level of standards in the hierarchy is secondary standards, which are calibrated with reference to a primary standard. The third level of the hierarchy encompasses the working standards. Working standards are periodically calibrated from a secondary standard. There are also laboratory standards, which are defined by national organizations to certify and calibrate labs and educational facilities. Because laboratory standards are used as a reference and are held to a quality standard, they are sometimes (incorrectly) referred to as secondary standards. However, that term has a specific and different meaning.

Netflix An American Dvd By Mail Service Essay - 904 Words

1. What is Netflix? Netflix started as an American DVD-by-mail service in 1998. It began streaming in 2007, and is now the world’s leading Internet television network, with over 75 million members, in over 190 countries, enjoying more than 125 million hours of TV shows and movies per day, including original series, documentaries and feature films. 2. Netflix s Revenue Stream: Netflix generates revenues through the monthly membership fees for its both services: content streaming online (for a monthly subscription of $7.99), both in the US and internationally, and delivering DVDs by mail in the US. On the other hand, Netflix incurs the following expenses: cost of revenue (amortization of the DVD library, licensing and acquisition of the streaming content, delivery expenses, customer service and payment processing fees); administrative expenses; marketing, technology and development expenses; interest and income taxes. These expenses leave Netflix with a net margin of around 5%. 3. Netflix and TV Industry: Netflix is an existential threat for the TV industry. It is allowing consumers to watch what they want, at the time they want. Members can play, pause and resume watching, all without commercials or commitments. In addition, consumers can watch the entire seasons of their favorite shows at once on Netflix, instead of having to wait for the once-a-week programming model of the TV networks. Finally, Netflix is offering the consumer the possibility to watch their shows/movieShow MoreRelatedNetflix Case Study Analysis1531 Words   |  7 PagesSome of the issues that had to be address regarding the debacle was repair the PR damage caused by the price increase debacle. Since, the Officers had to address this issue the question to address, is did Netflix underestimate the push-back from the price increase? III. External Environment Netflix has proven to be a force in the entertainment market to be reckoned with in the industry. 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Netflix incorporation is in the business of providing on-demand internet streaming entertainment and providing DVD media by mail to many parts of the world. Netflix is the world’s leading internet television network with fifty million members among forty countries such as North America, South America, United Kingdom, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Netherlands, Denmark, and

Aggregate Planning free essay sample

An organization can finalize its business plans on the recommendation of demand forecast. Once business plans are ready, an organization can do backward working from the final sales unit to raw materials required. Thus annual and quarterly plans are broken down into labor, raw material, working capital, etc. requirements over a medium-range period (6 months to 18 months). This process of working out production requirements for a medium range is called aggregate planning. Factors Affecting Aggregate Planning Aggregate planning is an operational activity critical to the organization as it looks to balance long-term strategic planning with short term production success. Following factors are critical before an aggregate planning process can actually start; A complete information is required about available production facility and raw materials. A solid demand forecast covering the medium-range period Financial planning surrounding the production cost which includes raw material, labor, inventory planning, etc. Organization policy around labor management, quality management, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Aggregate Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For aggregate planning to be a success, following inputs are required; An aggregate demand forecast for the relevant period Evaluation of all the available means to manage capacity planning like sub-contracting, outsourcing, etc. Existing operational status of workforce (number, skill set, etc. ), inventory level and production efficiency Aggregate planning will ensure that organization can plan for workforce level, inventory level and production rate in line with its strategic goal and objective. Aggregate planning as an Operational Tool Aggregate planning helps achieve balance between operation goal, financial goal and overall strategic objective of the organization. It serves as a platform to manage capacity and demand planning. In a scenario where demand is not matching the capacity, an organization can try to balance both by pricing, promotion, order management and new demand creation. In scenario where capacity is not matching demand, an organization can try to balance the both by various alternatives such as. Laying off/hiring excess/inadequate excess/inadequate excess/inadequate workforce until demand decrease/increase. Including overtime as part of scheduling there by creating additional capacity. Hiring a temporary workforce for a fix period or outsourcing activity to a sub-contrator. Importance of Aggregate Planning Aggregate planning plays an important part in achieving long-term objectives of the organization. Aggregate planning helps in: Achieving financial goals by reducing overall variable cost and improving the bottom line Maximum utilization of the available production facility Provide customer delight by matching demand and reducing wait time for customers Reduce investment in inventory stocking Able to meet scheduling goals there by creating a happy and satisfied work force Aggregate Planning Strategies There are three types of aggregate planning strategies available for organization to choose from. They are as follows. Level Strategy As the name suggests, level strategy looks to maintain a steady production rate and workforce level. In this strategy, organization requires a robust forecast demand as to increase or decrease production in anticipation of lower or higher customer demand. Advantage of level strategy is steady workforce. Disadvantage of level strategy is high inventory and increase back logs. Chase Strategy As the name suggests, chase strategy looks to dynamically match demand with production. Advantage of chase strategy is lower inventory levels and back logs. Disadvantage is lower productivity, quality and depressed work force. Hybrid Strategy As the name suggests, hybrid strategy looks to balance between level strategy and chase strategy.

Schwarzkopf Leadership Style and Success as a Military General

The following discussion talks about Schwarzkopf’s autobiographical book. The book was a bestseller that sold hundreds of thousands of copies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Schwarzkopf’ Leadership Style and Success as a Military General specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is from Bantam Books, a publishing company based in New York. It was published in October 1993, a few years after Schwarzkopf’s successful handling of Operation Dessert Storm. It was the military operation that liberated Kuwait from the clutches of Saddam Hussein’s army (Schwarzkopf, 1993). The Subject of the Book General Norman Schwarzkopf and the Persian Gulf War The book was an autobiographical account of the life of Norman Schwarzkopf. He became a household name in the 1990s when former President George Bush appointed him as the commander-in-chief of a global alliance to defeat Saddam Hussein in the Persian Gulf War. He became popular, because of his successful leadership in Operation Dessert Storm. He became a hero because of how he liberated Kuwait after a few months of continuous military campaign. He was considered one of the greatest military leaders of all time, due to his ability to persuade different military leaders from 30 countries to work together as one team. Example of a Great Leader Schwarzkopf had the capability to lead a diverse group of people coming from different cultural backgrounds. He was able to develop this capability after spending time in Iran, when he was barely a teenager. Due to his father’s influence he was also able to travel to key European cities. Finally, his two tours in Vietnam prepared him for the difficult task of leading an allied force to defeat Saddam Hussein. Leadership Style Humility, Adaptability, and Cultural Sensitivity His leadership style can be considered as a charismatic type of leadership. However, it is a complex type of leadershi p that is characterized by humility, adaptability, and the capability to work with people from different cultural backgrounds. His humility stems from his upbringing. It is also rooted in a character that was molded through various trials. He grew up in an affluent neighborhood. However, at a young age, his family experienced economic hardships due to the onset of the Second World War.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His mother’s alcoholism was a profound experience that gave him the ability to understand the frailty of human nature. Thus, he was able to develop a heightened sense of empathy that endeared him to his men. He valued the ability to adapt to different situations in order to accomplish specific goals. He said that a leader must know how to adjust his communication style in order for his subordinates to understand the essence of the orders that were given to them. H is humility enabled him to develop a team that was loyal to him. He was able to endear himself to his men. Therefore, he was able to accomplish goals beginning from the time that he was in West Point, and when he was the commander-in-chief in the Persian Gulf War. His ability to make adjustments on his communication style allowed him to persuade people to perform difficult tasks. In one memorable episode of his life, he confronted a helicopter pilot that refused to carry the dead bodies of Vietnamese soldiers who was under his command. The American pilot refused to carry them, because they were not part of the U.S. army. Schwarzkopf was willing to make a sacrifice for his slain Vietnamese comrades. This gallant stand created a band of loyal soldiers that saved his life during the Vietnam War. Critique of Leadership Style His leadership style was severely tested during Persian Gulf War, because he had to manage the egos of generals coming from different countries. He had to work with top leaders from Saudi Arabia, the United States, Great Britain, France, and Egypt. He had to persuade them to follow his lead. At the same time, he had to deal with the press. It was the first major war in human history where aggressive reporters were willing to make sacrifices on behalf of their respective TV networks. Aside from the complex military operation, Schwarzkopf had to carefully chose his words regarding his comments on the war effort.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Schwarzkopf’ Leadership Style and Success as a Military General specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If he had a flawed leadership style, resources would have been squandered due to internal conflicts. It was his experience during the Vietnam War, and the time spent in Iran, that enabled him to develop a cultural sensitivity that allowed him to resolve conflicts in the most efficient manner. Schwarzkopf’s commendable job as t he commander-in-chief of Operation Desert Storm was a great example of effective leadership. It is hard to imagine another leader who can surpass the accomplishments he did, especially if one will compare these achievements to other major wars of the 20th century. The Korean War and the Vietnam War had many casualties. However, under Schwarzkopf’s able leadership, there were only a few casualties in the Persian Gulf War. In the said conflict, the war ended after only a few months of sustained warfare. The astounding success of the Persian Gulf War must be attributed to Schwarzkopf’s leadership style. Leaders will accomplish more if they will also adopt the values of humility, adaptability, and cultural sensitivity embodied by Schwarzkopf. Reference Schwarzkopf, N. (1993). It doesn’t take a hero: The autobiography of General Norman  Schwarzkopf. New York: Bantam Books. This essay on Schwarzkopf’ Leadership Style and Success as a Military General was written and submitted by user Eli Reyes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.